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Accounting Overview
Accountants and auditors help to ensure that the
Nation’s firms are run efficiently, its public records kept accurately,
and its taxes paid properly and on time. They perform these vital
functions by offering an increasingly wide array of business and
accounting services, including public, management, and government
accounting, as well as internal auditing, to their clients. Beyond
carrying out the fundamental tasks of the occupation—preparing,
analyzing, and verifying financial documents in order to provide
information to clients—many accountants now are required to possess a
wide range of knowledge and skills. Accountants and auditors are
broadening the services they offer to include budget analysis, financial
and investment planning, information technology consulting, and limited
legal services.
Specific job duties vary widely among the four major fields of
accounting: public, management, and government accounting and internal
auditing.
Public accountants perform a broad range of accounting, auditing, tax,
and consulting activities for their clients, which may be corporations,
governments, nonprofit organizations, or individuals. For example, some
public accountants concentrate on tax matters, such as advising
companies about the tax advantages and disadvantages of certain business
decisions and preparing individual income tax returns. Others offer
advice in areas such as compensation or employee health care benefits,
the design of accounting and data-processing systems, and the selection
of controls to safeguard assets. Still others audit clients’ financial
statements and inform investors and authorities that the statements have
been correctly prepared and reported. Public accountants, many of whom
are Certified Public Accountants (CPAs), generally have their own
businesses or work for public accounting firms.
Some public accountants specialize in forensic accounting—investigating
and interpreting white-collar crimes such as securities fraud and
embezzlement, bankruptcies and contract disputes, and other complex and
possibly criminal financial transactions, including money laundering by
organized criminals. Forensic accountants combine their knowledge of
accounting and finance with law and investigative techniques in order to
determine whether an activity is illegal. Many forensic accountants work
closely with law enforcement personnel and lawyers during investigations
and often appear as expert witnesses during trials.
In response to recent accounting scandals, new Federal legislation
restricts the nonauditing services that public accountants can provide
to clients. If an accounting firm audits a client’s financial
statements, that same firm cannot provide advice on human resources,
technology, investment banking, or legal matters, although accountants
may still advise on tax issues, such as establishing a tax shelter.
Accountants may still advise other clients in these areas or may provide
advice within their own firm.
Management accountants—also called cost, managerial, industrial,
corporate, or private accountants—record and analyze the financial
information of the companies for which they work. Among their other
responsibilities are budgeting, performance evaluation, cost management,
and asset management. Usually, management accountants are part of
executive teams involved in strategic planning or the development of new
products. They analyze and interpret the financial information that
corporate executives need in order to make sound business decisions.
They also prepare financial reports for other groups, including
stockholders, creditors, regulatory agencies, and tax authorities.
Within accounting departments, management accountants may work in
various areas, including financial analysis, planning and budgeting, and
cost accounting.
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Source: US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics
For More Information go to http://www.bls.gov/oco/
